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spoilage

intermediateB2

/ˈspɔɪlɪdʒ/ · spoil-age

The process or result of food or other perishable goods becoming rotten, decayed, or unfit for use due to microbial action, chemical changes, or improper storage.

Meanings

nounformal

The process or result of food or other perishable goods becoming rotten, decayed, or unfit for use due to microbial action, chemical changes, or improper storage.

کھانے پینے کی اشیاء یا دیگر خراب ہونے والی چیزوں کا سڑنے، گلنے یا استعمال کے نا قابل ہونے کا عمل یا نتیجہ، جو جراثیم، کیمیائی تبدیلیوں یا غلط ذخیرہ اندوزی کی وجہ سے ہوتا ہے۔

خرابی

kharabi

Formal: تلف شدگیColloquial: خرابی

Synonyms

decaydecompositionputrefactiondeteriorationrotcorruptionwastageسڑاندگلاوٹبگاڑفسادتباہی

Antonyms

preservationfreshnessconservationintegrityتحفظتازگیحفاظتسالمیت

Common Collocations

  • food spoilage
  • prevent spoilage
  • spoilage rate
  • minimize spoilage
  • bacterial spoilage
  • spoilage of perishables
  • post-harvest spoilage
  • reduce spoilage

Example Sentences

Refrigeration significantly slows down the spoilage of fresh vegetables.

ریفریجریشن تازہ سبزیوں کی خرابی کو نمایاں طور پر سست کر دیتی ہے۔

Refrigeration taaza sabziyon ki kharabi ko numayan taur par sust kar deti hai.

The supermarket suffered heavy losses due to the spoilage of dairy products during the power outage.

بجلی کی بندش کے دوران ڈیری مصنوعات کی خرابی کی وجہ سے سپر مارکیٹ کو بھاری نقصان اٹھانا پڑا۔

Bijli ki bandish ke dauran dairy masnooaat ki kharabi ki wajah se supermarket ko bhaari nuqsan uthaana para.

Proper packaging techniques are essential to reduce the spoilage of food during transportation.

نقل و حمل کے دوران خوراک کی خرابی کو کم کرنے کے لیے مناسب پیکیجنگ تکنیک ضروری ہے۔

Naqal-o-hamal ke dauran khuraak ki kharabi ko kam karne ke liye munaasib packaging technique zaroori hai.

Scientists are researching new preservatives to combat bacterial spoilage in packaged meats.

سائنس دان پیک شدہ گوشت میں جراثیمی خرابی سے نمٹنے کے لیے نئے محافظ مادوں کی تحقیق کر رہے ہیں۔

Scientist pack shuda gosht mein jaraasimi kharabi se nipatne ke liye naye muhafiz maaddon ki tehqeeq kar rahe hain.

Easily Confused With

spoils:'Spoils' refers to goods or benefits obtained through victory or effort (e.g., spoils of war), while 'spoilage' refers to the decay or deterioration of perishable material.
spillage:'Spillage' refers to the accidental spilling of liquid, while 'spoilage' refers to the decay or ruination of goods or food.
nountechnical

In manufacturing, printing, or industry, the amount of material that is wasted, damaged, or rendered unusable during production processes.

مینوفیکچرنگ، پرنٹنگ یا صنعت میں پیداواری عمل کے دوران ضائع، تلف یا ناقابلِ استعمال ہونے والے مواد کی مقدار۔

ضیاع

ziyaa

Formal: ضائع شدہ موادColloquial: ردّی

Synonyms

wastagelossscraprefusediscardsضیاعنقصانردّیفضلہبربادی

Antonyms

outputyieldproductiongainپیداوارحاصلآمدنفائدہ

Common Collocations

  • industrial spoilage
  • printing spoilage
  • spoilage percentage
  • acceptable spoilage
  • spoilage allowance
  • normal spoilage
  • abnormal spoilage

Example Sentences

The factory's spoilage rate dropped by 15% after new quality control measures were implemented.

نئے معیاری کنٹرول اقدامات نافذ ہونے کے بعد فیکٹری کی ضیاع کی شرح میں 15 فیصد کمی آئی۔

Naye maiyaari control iqdamat naafiz hone ke baad factory ki ziyaa ki shar mein 15 fisad kami aayi.

In printing, a certain degree of spoilage is considered normal during the setup phase.

پرنٹنگ میں، سیٹ اَپ کے مرحلے کے دوران ایک خاص حد تک ضیاع کو معمول سمجھا جاتا ہے۔

Printing mein, setup ke marhale ke dauran ek khaas had tak ziyaa ko mamool samjha jaata hai.

The cost accountant calculated the total spoilage and included it in the production expense report.

لاگت کے محاسب نے کل ضیاع کا حساب لگایا اور اسے پیداواری اخراجات کی رپورٹ میں شامل کیا۔

Laagat ke muhaasib ne kul ziyaa ka hisaab lagaaya aur use pedaawaari akhraajaat ki report mein shaamil kiya.

Easily Confused With

scrap:'Scrap' often refers to leftover or discarded material that can sometimes be recycled, while 'spoilage' in industry refers to units damaged during production that cannot be salvaged.
waste:'Waste' is a broader term for any material or resources discarded, while 'spoilage' specifically implies material ruined during or after processing.

Word Family

spoil
verbخراب کرنا / بگاڑنا
spoiled
adjectiveخراب / سڑا ہوا
spoils
noun (plural)لوٹ کا مال / غنیمت
spoiler
nounخراب کرنے والا / بگاڑنے والا
unspoiled
adjectiveغیر خراب / تازہ

See Also

💡 Memory Tip

Think of 'spoilage' as 'spoil' + 'age' — as food AGES, it SPOILS. The older and more neglected the food, the greater the spoilage.

Picture a basket of fresh fruits left in the summer sun for days — turning brown, mushy, and covered with flies. That rotting, unpleasant mess is 'spoilage'.

✍️ Urdu Poetry

وہ پھول جو شاخ پہ رہتا تھا تازہ و شاداب بکھرا تو خزاں نے اسے بخشی ہے خرابی

Woh phool jo shaakh pe rehta tha taaza-o-shaadaab Bikhra to khizaan ne use bakhshi hai kharabi

That flower which bloomed fresh upon the branch — once scattered, autumn granted it nothing but spoilage.

Unknown, Unverified

* Poetry attribution is AI-generated and may require verification.

🗣️ Urdu Proverb

دیر آید درست آید

Der aayed, durust aayed

Better late than never — implying that haste or neglect leads to spoilage and ruin, while patience and care preserve quality.

📖 Etymology

Origin: Middle English / Old French "espoillier / spoil + -age" — to plunder, strip, ruin; the suffix -age denotes a process or result

First known use: 17th century

The word 'spoilage' derives from the verb 'spoil', which entered Middle English from Old French 'espoillier' (to plunder, despoil), itself from Latin 'spoliare' (to strip, rob). The noun suffix '-age' was added to denote the process or condition of spoiling. Originally used in the sense of plunder or damage, it evolved in modern usage to refer specifically to the decay or deterioration of food and perishable goods, and also to wastage in manufacturing and printing.